Block wall structure for furnaces



Dec. 1, 1964 R. J. DEMAISON 3,158,963

BLOCK WALL. STRUCTURE FOR FURNACES Filed Sept. 8, 1959 10 Sheets-Sheet l Q \Q Q i dk:11111111111111. :1 .Q Q I. .3j Ll] [i i 2 \r P INVENTOR n a B AHCS NE SI M Dec..1, 1964 R. J. DEMAISON BLOCK WALL STRUCTURE FOR FURNACES 10 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Sept. 8, 1959 INVENTOR mmva JDEMA/SOIV Dec. 1, 1964 R. J. DEMAISON BLOCK WALL STRUCTURE FOR FURNACES l0 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed Sept. 8, 1959 R. J. DEMAISON BLOCK WALL STRUCTURE FOR FURNACES 10 Sheets-Sheet 5 Ill/l I INVENTOR yma/vo JDE/WA/J/V ATTOR Dec. 1, 1964 Filed Sept. 8, 1959 mm m6 Dec. 1, 1964 R. J. DEMAISON 3,158,963

BLOCK WALL STRUCTURE FOR FURNACES Filed Sept. 8, 1959 10 Sheets-Sheet 6 INVENTOR JOE/MAISON Dec. 1, 1964 R. J. DEMAISON BLOCK WALL STRUCTURE FOR FURNACES 10 Sheets-Sheet '7' Filed Sept. 8, 1959 70 Tlciflll Dec. 1, 1964 DEMAISQN 3,158,963

BLOCK WALL STRUCTURE FOR FURNACES Filed Sept. 8, 1959 10 Sheets-Sheet 8 d] w" W {nit-2??! W Q a Q 11"" n. n "I & Q T C ilin I HIIIHHI .1 I F" mn .mmmHIHHHIIH ulllHHHH y yd t 'vi' qH, H j ffy Dec. 1, 1964 Filed Sept. 8, 1959 R. J. DEMAISON 3,158,963

BLOCK WALL STRUCTURE FOR FURNACES 10 Sheets-Sheet 9 Dec. 1, 1964 R. J. DEMAISON 3,158,963

BLOCK WALL. STRUCTURE FOR FURNACES Filed Sept. 8, 1959 10 Sheets-Sheet 1O ATTORNEYS.

ing frame a heat-resisting Wall.

United States Patent This invention is directed to a novel means of con;-

-structing a heat-resisting wall. The word wall is used in its broad sense and is meant to include any wall of an enclosure, furnace or chamber which may be subjected to elevated temperatures and in addition is meant to include partitions, flues or any other portions of said enclosure or chamber regardless of shape or contour.

' One of the main objects of the present invention is to produce a wall structure of the type referred to,

which will provide improved simplicity and rapidity of erection, consisting in the attaching and supporting of 1 hollow light weight blocks on a suitable metal supporting frame such as a skeleton of steel structural members 'or plates, mainly permanent, such hollow light weight blocks being filled with a lighter weight refractory and thereby forming in conjunction with the metal support- A further object is to provide a wall structure that will permit ready removal and replacement of individul hollow light weight blocks or interlocked groups of hollow light weight blocks for purposes of repair or replacement. This feature is especially desirable when working from the exterior, it

' thus being possible to release the attaching and supporting means of the hollow light weight blocks without the need of entering the furnace or chamber. In accordance with the above disclosure, it is possible to also extend or enlarge an existing furnace or chamber very simply, the extension itself beingbuilt'before the wall of the old enclosure is removed except for the last row of hollow light weight blocks which are needed to complete the new extension. Another object is to provide an attaching and supporting means for each hollow light weight block in the heat-resisting wall, thereby allowing for individual block expansion and contraction in all 1 shipping from the fabricating plant to a distant locality for'erection, and also simplifying handling for erection.

Another object is to reduce the cost of fabrication of the heat-resisting wall which can readily be accomplished by attaching and supporting the hollow light weight blocks on the outer metal supporting frame.

In the accompanying drawings are shown several illustrative embodiments of the present invention:

FIG. 1 is a top view and FIG. 2 is a front view of a type of hollow light weight block recessed on the vertical faces for use in a keyed hollow light weight block wall;

FIG. 3 is a top view and FIG. 4 is a front view of another type of hollow light weight block used in conjunction with FIGS. 1 and 2 and is extended to overlap the hollow light weight blocks shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 and be overlapped by the blocks shown in FIGS. 5 and 6;

FIG. 5 is a top view and FIG. 6 is a front view of the so-called key hollow light weight block which is extended on all faces to interlock the surrounding hollow light weight blocks and necessitate its removal before any of the surrounding hollow light weight blocks may be removed and converselyit is also the last one to be inserted in the group;

"ice

FIG. 7 depicts the hollow light weight block reinforcing grid with the attaching and supporting means appended thereto for use in the low and medium tempera-- ture blocks and is therefore fabricated; of ordinary carbon: steel reinforcing wire while FIG. 8'; depicts the reinforc.- ing grid with the attaching andsupporting means appended; theretofor use in1high; temperature blocks and is therefore fabricated; of special alloy steelreinforcing rods and wires; i

FIGS. 9 and 10 show analternate method of attaching and supporting the hollow light weight blocks on the outer metal supporting frame;

FIGS. 11, 12, 13 and 14 show a typical wall section composed of the hollow light weight blocks shown in FIGS. 1 to 6;

FIG. 11 is a front view of a typical set of hollow light weight blocks forming a keyed section and interlocked by the key block;

FIG. 12 is a vertical section of FIG. 11 taken along the lines 1212 and shows the method of interlocking the hollow light weight blocks in by the use of the key hollow light weight block;

FIG. 13 is a horizontal section of FIG. 11 taken along the lines 13-13 and also shows the interlocking of the hollow light weight blocks and in addition shows the filling in of the void spaces with lighter weight heat-resisting refractory material;

FIG. 14 is a horizontal section of FIG. 11 taken along the lines 14-14 and again shows the key hollow light Weight block in position interlocking the surrounding hollow light weight blocks in place;

In FIGS. 15 16 and 17 is shown another embodiment of the invention in the form of a simple hollow light weight block. FIG. 15 is a top view and FIG. 16 is a front view, and FIG. 17 is a side view. It will be noted in this particular embodiment that there are horizontal voids as well as vertical voids;

FIG. 18 is a front view of a typical heat-resisting wall constructed of the hollow light weight blocks shown in FIGS. 15, 16 and 17;

FIG. 19 is a vertical section of FIG. 18 taken along the lines 19-19 and FIG. 20 is a horizontal section of FIG. 18 taken along the lines 20-20, and both figures show the void spaces in said heat-resistant refractory wall filled with the lighter weight high heat-resisting refractory material;

In FIGS. 21 to 29 is shown still another embodiment of the invention in which alternate vertical rows of the hollow light weight blocks are interlocked;

FIG. 21 is a top view, FIG. 22 is a front view, and FIG. 23 is a side view of the hollow light weight block with the recessed face;

FIG. 24 is a top view, FIG. 25 is a front View, and

. FIG. 26 is a side View of the hollow light weight block with the extended face to interlock the rows on either side thereof;

FIG. 27 is a front view of a typical section of the hollow light weight block wall made up of the hollow light weight blocks shown in FIGS. 21 to 26, while FIG. 28 is a vertical section of FIG. 27 taken along the lines 2828 and FIG. 29 is a horizontal section of FIG. 27 taken on the lines 29-29.- Here again both FIGS. 28 and 29 show the void spaces in said hollow light weight block wall filled with the lighter weight heat-resisting refractory material; 7

In FIGS. 30 to 34 is shown still a further embodiment of the invention in the form of hollow spool shaped light weight blocks;

FIG. 30 is a top view, FIG. 31 is a frontview, and FIG. 32 is a side view. It will be noted in this embodiment that there is a large center supporting section in this block and that there is again a suitable reinforcing grid embedded therein. The design of the block is such as to provide very large horizontal and vertical Voids for filling with the lighter weight heat-resisting refractory material;

FIG. 33 is a typical section of a Wall formed of the blocks shown in FIGS. 30, 31 and 32 while FIG. 34 is a vertical section of FIG. 33 taken along the lines 34-34-. It will be noted in this particular disclosure that the hollow light weight blocks are attached to and Supported on steel plates mounted on angles rather than on the individual angles as hithertofore herein disclosed.

Before describing the above preferred embodiments of typical structures, an outline of one general aspect of the present invention may be set forth. It comprises a heat-resisting multiple hollow light weight block wall adapted for enclosing furnaces, kilns or other heat chambers and is composed of an outer metal supporting frame and an inner system of hollow light weight blocks removably attached to and supported on and in protecting relation to the outer metal supporting frame; each of such hollow light weight blocks, or a plurality thereof, consist mainly of hollow light weight blocks of plastic or cast material and possess heat-resisting or refractory properties, with or without a reinforcing grid, and with suitable attaching means embedded therein but exposed to outer access and engagement; and combined with such a system of hollow light weight blocks a plurality of exteriorly accessible supporting means engageable with the attaching means of said blocks and adapted to support them securely but removably to the members of the outer metal supporting frame, whereby individual hollow light weight blocks may be detached and removed from the heat-resisting wall and replaced and reattached and supported in said heat-resisting wall. The hollow light weight blocks per se and the attaching and supporting means per se are also features of the invention, while other features and aspects will be made to appear further.

Referring to the general parts of illustrated furnaces, kilns or other heat chambers the foundation of which may be the usual kind, there are the usual main or corner columns of the I or H beam or other standard structural shapes, and intermediate Is, Hs plates or other standard structural shapes as desired, all of generally conventional construction requiring no detailed description.

Each of the large frame spaces thus defined between columns are further sub-divided by a suitable system of cross steel members or horizontals 30, each illustrated in the present disclosures in the form of an angle iron having a vertical fiange 31 and a horizontal flange 32. Preferably each of the cross beams is removable from the general frame and placed on definite centers to accommodate the blocks, thus facilitating the assembling of the heat-resisting multiple hollow light weight block wall and the removal thereof from time to time of said hollow light weight blocks for purposes of repair and replacement.

In FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 are shown one particular embodiment of the present invention in which the hollow lightweight blocks are interlocked and each key hollow light weight block locks the surrounding group in place. The hollow light weight block 33, shown in FIG. 1 as a top view and in FIG. 2 as a front view, has two recessed front faces 34 and 35 and a hollow interior void 36 and has embedded therein a reinforcing grid 37 with attaching and supporting means 38 appended thereto.

In FIGS. 3 and 4 there is shown an intermediate hollow light weight block 39 with an extended front face producing extensions 40 and 41 which engage in the recesses 34 and 35 of the hollow light weight block 33 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. In addition, the hollow light weight recessed block 39 contains horizontal recesses 42 and 43 in its front face for interlocking with the key block. Moreover, the block 3% on its rear face has vertical recesses 44 and 45 which also fit over the block 33 to interlock with it. It will be noted that. the block 39 also has a 4 hollow void 4s and contains the reinforcing grid 37 with the attaching and supporting means 38 appended thereto.

The hollow light weight block 50, shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 in top view and front view, has extended faces 51, 52, 53 and 54 which interlock with the eight surrounding hollow light weight blocks. In addition the rear face of the block 50 is formed with two vertical recesses 55 and 56 which also interlock with the two hollow light weight blocks on each side. It will also be noted that the block 5%) has a hollow void 57 and contains the reinforcing grid 37 with the attaching and supporting means 38 appended thereto.

The reinforcing grid 37 with the attaching and supporting means 38 appended thereto, shown in FIG. 7, is the type used in high temperature applications and is fabricated of alloy steel reinforcing bars or wire, while the attaching and supporting means 38 is simply a flat steel nut welded to the reinforcing grid 3'7.

The reinforcing grid 5% with the attaching and supporting means 59 appended thereto, shown in FIG. 8, is the type used in low temperature applications and is fabri cated of ordinary steel reinforcing bars and Wire and the attaching and supporting means 59 is a flat steel nut welded to the reinforcing grid 58.

In FIGS. 9 and 10 is shown an alternate method of attaching and supporting the hollow light weight blocks on the outer metal supporting frame. The clip 60 with the recess 61 therein is used alternatively with the attaching and supporting means 3% shown in FIG. 7 and supporting means 59 shown in FIG. 8 and is made of suitable temperature resisting metals and then welded to the reinforcing grid 37 or 58 as desired. The hollow light Weight blocks are then mounted on the angle 3% by means of the hook 62 which is placed in the recess 61 and over the vertical flange 31 of the angle 30. This forms a rapid means of attaching and supporting the hollow light weight blocks.

In FIG. 11 is shown a front view of a complete set of eight interlocking light weight blocks of the type shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 and designated as 33, 39 and 59. It will be noted that hollow light weight block 50 must be removed before any of the surrounding blocks can be removed and, conversely, the last one to be installed. The next two hollow light weight blocks 39 must be removed, after which any of the remaining hob low light Weight blocks 33 may be removed at will. I The blocks are so sized as to result in a suitable spacing in all vertical and horizontal seams that are at right angles to the face of the wall in order to allow expansion of the blocks. The angles 30 with the vertical flanges 31 and horizontal flanges 32 are drilled in their vertical flanges with suitably spaced holes to provide the necessary spacing of the blocks. The simplicity of the entire system is based on the use of predesigned squares, rectangles or other suitable shapes and therefore allows prior drillingof the outer metal supporting frame, thus facilitating the attaching and supporting of the hollow light weight blocks 33, 39 and 5th on the angles 30. The blocks are mounted on the angles 30 by means of studs 63 screwed into the flat nuts 38. A space washer 67 is slipped over the stud 63 before it is inserted into the hole 64 of the flange 31, and then a lockwasher 65 and a clamping nut 66 are fitted to the outer end of the stud. The void spacesin said hollow light weight blocks may now be filled with a suitable lighter weight high temperature refractory material 58. It will be noted that, in the filling of the void spaces 11') said hollow light weight blocks, the seams or crevices on the inner or heat exposed faces of the hollow light weight blocks are not filled due to the contour and interlocking of the blocks. This is done to control and allow the inner faces of the hollow light weight blocks to expand and con.- tract under temperature conditions.

FIG. 12 is a vertical section along the lines 12I2 of the multiple hollow light weight block wall shown in-v FIG. 11 and shows the block Sll interlocking with the lockwashers 71, 72, 73 and 74. block has a pipe sleeve 75 with a suitable preformed secg blocks 39 on the front faces by means of the extensions 53 and 54 on the top and bottom of the hollow light weight blocks.

FIG. 13 is a horizontal section along the lines 1313 of the multiple hollow light weight block wall shown in FIG. 11 and shows the hollow light weight block 39 interlocking with the two hollow light weight blocks 33 on the front and rear faces by means of the extensions 51 and 52 on the face and 55 and 56 on the rear. The same situation prevails in FIGQ14 with hollow light weight blocks 50 and hollow light weight blocks 33.

In the above disclosures it will be noted that the hollow blocks are attached to and supported directly and independently on the metal supporting frame.

The attaching means (fiat nuts) are preferably embedded but confined within the body of the hollow light weight blocks, approximately flush as shown. Each hollow light weight block, its firmly embedded attaching means, and its reinforcing gridare thus permanently combined to constitute a complete and unitary whole. Therefore, the characteristic hollow light weight block of this invention is light, cheap and strong and free of any heavy protruding metal parts, which makes it readily transportable yet peculiarly and excellently adaptable to the uses stated herein.

The same principle of multiple hollow light weight block side wall construction may be used for the fabrication of roof sections by the use of the aforementioned method. The roof panels are prefabricated in a vertical plane by virtue of the multiple hollow light weight blocks beingattached to and supported on a suitable outer metal supporting frame, the upper end of which has been tiltably attached to suitable roof section supporting means, after which the lower end is lifted up into place and the whole roof section suspended from suitableroof supports.

In FIGS. 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 and 20 are shown another type of hollow light weight block 70 which is simply square and has no interlocking faces whatsoever and which is attached to and supported on the metal supporting frames 30 by means of bolts, space washers, nuts and The hollow light weight tion 76 thereon and is slightly longer than the thickness of the wall of'the hollow light weight block in order to preclude the crushing of the block wall on attaching. The same basic principles as already divulged are also used in this embodiment, and there is one additional feature, namely, the presence of horizontal voids 77 which assure additional strength and rigidity to the heat-resisting wall. By locating the blocks at definite intervals, the void spaces contained therein may be filled with a lighter weight heatresisting refractory material. It will also be noted that the joints between the hollow light weight blocks have been wiped back a suitable distance in order to allow for expansion at their inner faces when subjected to elevated temperatures under operating conditions.

In FIGS. 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28 and 29 are shown still another embodiment of the invention in which the alternate vertical rows of hollow light weight blocks are interlocked. In FIGS. 21, 22 and 23 are shown top, front and side views of a hollow light weight block 80 with vertical recesses 81 and 82 in the inner face, while in FIGS. 24, 25 and 26 are shown top, front and side views of a hollow light weight block 85 with extensions 86 and 87 on the inner faces which interlock with the recesses 81 and 82 on the hollow light weight block 80.

The attaching and supporting means 83 and 84 in FIGS. 21, 22 and 23 and 88 and 89 in FIGS. 24, 25 and 26 are the same as used above with the exception of the square collar and requires no further description. It will also be noted that these hollow light weight blocks contain horizontalvoids 77 as depicted in FIGS. 15, 16 and 17. The above embodiment of the invention is one in which the overlapping of the blocks is to be put in perpendicular to the largest dimension of the wall or the greatest expanding face. It can readily be" seen from the above dis closure how this can be accomplished by rotating the blocks through 90.

In FIGS. 27, 28 and 29 are shown afront view and vertical and horizontal sections of the same type of attach ing and supporting means on the angles 30 as disclosed hereinbefore. In addition, it will be noted that there is an optionally added outer protective coating 91 shown in the above FIGS. 27, 28 and 29, this outer coating 91 placed on steel lath mesh being particularly applied (after the hollow light weight blocks are attached and supported on the outer metal supporting frame) for insulating, sealing and weather-proofing purposes. It may be cementitious and sprayed on or otherwise applied in such manner as to insure a complete filling of the interstices of the exposed steel mesh 90, and in some cases it may be laid on monolithically over the entire section of the heat-resisting wall in order to supplement the sealing of the heat-resisting wall against leakage of gases in either direction or weather deterioration.

In some instances it may be desired to have an extra added thickness of insulation on the surface of the wall,

in which case the length of the space washers may be increased and an additional layer of insulating refractory blocks, bricks or panels placed thereon set in a suitable refractory mortar.

In FIGS. 30, 31, 32, 33 and 34 are shown still another embodiment of the invention in which hollow light weight blocks 95, of suitable shapes and without interlocking shown a front view and vertical section which again depict the same type of attaching and supporting means on the angles 30 as above disclosed. It will also be noted that in this disclosure the angles 39 are spaced further apart and that some of the hollowlight weight blocks are supported on steel plates placed over the face of the mounting angles and thus form an attaching and mounting means for intermediate hollow light weight blocks.

From the foregoing disclosure it can readily be seen that this invention is in reality based on the use of predesigned shapes and sizes of hollow light weight blocks in order to allow the prefabrication of a suitable outer metal supporting frame to and upon which the blocks can be attached and supported with a minimum of effort and by the complete elimination of cutting and fitting.

Thereis one further advantage that should be brought out at this time in order to add to the list of the many advantages characterizing this invention. In the design of suitable refractories for high temperature work, it is desirable to embed suitable metal elements in said refractory units in order to help carry off the heat therein, thus insuring long life and cooler operation of the refractory hollow light weight blocks. In the design of the reinforcing grids and the thereto appended attaching and supporting means, the above fact has been constantly kept in mind in order to provide means for controlling the exchange of heat from the hollow light weight blocks to the outer'metal supporting frame and thence to the atmosphere. All high temperature hollow light weight blocks will have suitable reinforcing grids of high alloy steel embedded therein as shown in the drawings, while the hollow light weight blocks for low temperature use may be manufactured without reinforcing grids or if deemed necessary for mechanical conditions have reinforcing grids of ordinary carbon steels. 1

In the foregoing specification reference has been made to well known light weight insulating refractory products and it may be well to give an example of two such pro ducts which would be suitable and which may be used in fabricating the heat-resisting multiple hollow block walls disclosed herein.

The commercial product that may be used for the hollow light weight blocks is known as Plastic Insulcrete and may be defined as a light Weight, low heat storage, insulating'refractory concrete, of semi-porous nature and fairly hard, suitable for direct exposure to furnace gases where severe abrasion or slagging is not encountered.

The other commercial product which may be used to fill the void spaces is known as Panelag and may be defined as being lighter in weight, lower in heat storage but has high mechanical strength, and much higher in insulating value than the Plastic Insulcrete.

Both of the foregoing products are well known to the industry and have been made and sold for many years and are still being made and sold under the same trade names by the Quigley Company, Inc., of 415 Madison Avenue, New York 17, New York.

What is claimed is:

l. A heat-resisting multiple hollow light weight block wall for furnaces, kilns or other heat chambers including, in combination, an outer metal supporting frame, a series of preformed hollow light weight blocks constructed of light weight refractory material and filled with a different lighter weight refractory material, each of said blocks comprising spaced apart parallel inner and outer walls with at least one intermediate connecting wall and formed with a vertically disposed void open at both the top and bottom and bounded by the inner and outer block walls and the intermediate connecting wall, said blocks being arranged in adjacent vertical rows and each equipped in its outer wall with a single centrally located attaching and supporting means by which the block is individually attached to and independently supported on the outer metal supporting frame with freedom for individual expansion and contraction, the Vertically disposed voids in each vertical row of blocks being arranged in direct and in full vertical communication with one another to form continuous Vertical passageways of the same crosssectional area, which passageways permit the filling of the blocks with the lighter weight refractory material after the blocks have been attached to the metal supporting frame.

2. A heat-resisting multiple hollow light weight block wall according to claim 1, wherein the single centrally located attaching and supporting means of each block is appended to a metal reinforcing grid embedded in the outer wall of the block.

3. A heat-resisting multiple hollow light weight block wall for furnaces, kilns or other heat chambers including, in combination, an outer metal supporting frame, a series .of preformed hollow light Weight blocks constructed of light weight refractory material and filled with a diiferent lighter weight refractory material, each of said blocks comprising spaced apart parallel inner and outer walls with at least one intermediate connecting wall and formed with a vertically disposed void open at both the top and bottom and bounded by the inner and outer block walls and the intermediate connecting wall, said intermediate connecting wall being formed with a horizontally disposed through-opening leading into the vertical void, said blocks being arranged in intersecting vertical and horizontal rows and each equipped in its outer wall with a single centrally located attaching and supporting means by which the block is individually attached to and independently supported on the outer metal supporting frame with freedom for individual expansion and contraction, the vertically disposed voids in each vertical row of blocks being arranged in direct and in full vertical communication with one another to form continuous vertical passageways of the same cross-sectional area and the horizontally disposed openings in the intermediate connecting walls of the blocks in each horizontal row being arranged in horizontal communication with one another and with said vertical voids to form continuous horizontal passageways, which vertical and horizontal passageways permit the filling of the blocks with the lighter weight refractory material after the blocks have been attached to the metal supporting frame.

References tlited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 714,195 Koppers Nov. 25, 1902 1,007,747 Stine -l Nov. 7, 1911 1,024,276 Nash Apr. 23, 1912 1,053,231 Schweickert Feb. 18, 1913 1,066,020 Kroner July 1, 1913 1,535,030 Nelson Apr. 21, 1925 1,659,539 Judson Feb. 14, 1928 1,671,279 Friedland May 29, 1928 1,870,721 Foltz Aug. 9, 1932 2,056,732 Mekler Oct. 6, 1936 2,061,822 Bankert Nov. 24, 1936 2,172,052 Robbins Sept. 5, 1939 2,429,949 Thayer Oct. 28, 1947 2,480,241 Hensel Aug. 30, 1949 2,674,871 Hosbein Apr. 13, 1954 2,684,589 Perreton July 27, 1954 FOREIGN PATENTS 581,758 Great Britain Oct. 23, 1946 638,767 Great Britain of 1950 1,126,719 France Nov. 19, 1956 

1. A HEAT-RESISTING MULTIPLE HOLLOW LIGHT WEIGHT BLOCK WALL FOR FURNACES, KILNS OR OTHER HEAT CHAMBERS INCLUDING, IN COMBINATION, AN OUTER METAL SUPPORTING FRAME, A SERIES OF PREFORMED HOLLOW LIGHT WEIGHT BLOCKS CONSTRUCTED OF LIGHT WEIGHT REFRACTORY MATERIAL AND FILLED WITH A DIFFERENT LIGHTER WEIGHT REFRACTORY MATERIAL, EACH OF SAID BLOCKS COMPRISING SPACED APART PARALLEL INNER AND OUTER WALLS WITH AT LEAST ONE INTERMEDIATE CONNECTING WALL AND FORMED WITH A VERTICALLY DISPOSED VOID OPEN AT BOTH THE TOP AND BOTTOM AND BOUNDED BY THE INNER AND OUTER BLCOK WALLS AND THE INTERMEDIATE CONNECTING WALL, SAID BLOCKS BEING ARRANGED IN ADJACENT VERTICAL ROWS AND EACH EQUIPPED IN ITS OUTER WALL WITH A SINGLE CENTRALLY LOCATED ATTACHING AND SUPPORTING MEANS BY WHICH THE BLOCK IS INDIVIDUALLY ATTACHED TO AND INDEPENDENTLY SUPPORTED ON THE OUTER METAL SUPPORTING FRAME WITH FREEDOM FOR INDIVIDUAL EXPANSION AND CONTRACTION, THE VERTICALLY DISPOSED VOIDS IN EACH VERTICAL ROW OF BLOCKS BEING ARRANGED IN DIRECT AND IN FULL VERTICAL COMMUNICATION WITH ONE ANOTHER TO FORM CONTINUOUS VERTICAL PASSAGEWAYS OF THE SAME CROSSSECTIONAL AREA, WHICH PASSAGEWAYS PERMIT THE FILLING OF THE BLOCKS WITH THE LIGHTER WEIGHTS REFRACTORY MATERIAL AFTER THE BLOCKS HAVE BEEN ATTACHED TO THE METAL SUPPORTING FRAME. 